Explain the difference between vegetative planting and seed agriculture, and how this manifested in the diffusion of agriculture

(I'll answer the last question first)

The diffusion of agriculture, as theorized by Carl Sauer, a cultural geographer, notes that the earliest form of agriculture was vegetative planting. Then the process of seed planting occurred some time later. After the early human settlement has developed more of farming methods.

Vegetative planting is characterized by cutting the stems of a plant, or dividing part of its roots and transplanting them into soil. This was believed to be the first method, as it was in this method the early human tried to wild plants nearer to their settlements for easier access to food.

While on the other hand, Seed planting was a newer technology for the early humans. It involves the collection of the fruit and drying of seed to be planted. It is also happen in annual basis unlike the transfer of stems and roots of wild plants.

The answer is d) rift

The answer is c, i, iii, and iv. this is because farming and mining deal with harvesting raw materials, construction work falls under manufacturing, and piloting a plane is a service. ii is wrong because making bread is using  raw materials to produce goods, which would fall under the secondary sector, not primary.