You drill through the muds at the bottom of the sea floor and sample the rocks beneath, and you then determine the ages of those rocks, using standard scientific techniques. as described in the course materials, you will find that:

What is the difference between the cultures of central asia and the caucasus region? the majority of people in central asia are muslim; the majority in the caucasus region are christian. the primary language in central asia is armenian; the primary language in the caucasus region is russian. central asia has been plagued by ethnic unrest; the caucasus region has had little ethnic conflict. the effects of soviet rule can still be seen in central asia; the caucasus region has developed its own identity since the fall of the ussr.