Which of the following statements is true?
a. lines of latitude measure distance east and west of the prime meridian.
b. lines of longitude measure distance north and south of the equator.
c. lines of latitude are also called meridians.
d. parallels north of the equator are labeled n.

Lines of latitude are often printed to mark off angles
(not distance) north and south of the equator.

Lines of latitude are also called 'parallels', because
they are parallel to each other.

If there are any of them printed on a particular map
or globe, then each one north of the equator is labeled
with the angle it represents, and ' N '.

What are the following resources?

The investiture controversy began as a power struggle between pope gregory vii (1072–85) and henry iv, holy roman emperor (1056–1106).[2] a brief but significant struggle over investiture also occurred between henry i of england and pope paschal ii in the years 1103 to 1107, and the issue played a minor role in the struggles between church and state in france, as well.by undercutting the imperial power established by the salian emperors, the controversy led to nearly 50 years of civil war in germany, and the triumph of the great dukes and abbots. imperial power was finally re-established under the hohenstaufen dynasty. historian norman cantor: