The following ailments are long-term effects of air pollution except: a. emphysemab. lung cancerc. headachesd. heart disease

The correct answer is C. Headaches

Short term effects of air pollution would be: headaches, dizziness and nausea.

Long term effects of air pollution would be:

Emphysema which is a respiratory condition that is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It damages your lungs and makes it difficult to breath. Air pollution would weaken and damage your lungs causing emphysema.

Lung cancer, a type of cancer that destroys your lungs and respiratory system. It would be caused by the carcinogenic toxins in the air pollution.

Heart disease. A type of cardiovascular disease. The arteries would become clogged from breathing in toxins and chemicals. Also circulation can become affected and damaged.  

obviously, the latter.