An rh positive client vaginally gives birth to a 6 lb, 10 oz (3,005 g) neonate after 17 hours of labor. which condition puts this client at risk for infection?

Being on labor for 17 hours.

Explanation:

A long labor time, especially if it is associated with premature rupture of the amniotic membranes is a risk factor for infection for the product of the pregnancy and the women that gave birth. To be sure if the labor was prolonged we would need to know if this was the first time the patient gave birth or if it was subsequent.  

Length of labor

Explanation:

When a person is infected with a pathogen, there is a high probability the pathogen entered the body through a bodily opening, either the mouth, nose, etc. A pathogen is also able to enter the body through a cut. Since labor is long (17 hours) and the cervix is dilated, there is a risk for infection.

The Rh status, weight and size of the baby, and type of birth (vaginal or cesarean)  do not normally influence the risk for infection to the baby or the mother.