The reaction of being startled with an increase in blood pressure and other physiological responses is commonly called:

If it's a smaller child or infant, place one on the middle of the chest and on the child's back. (if it is a bigger child with enough room for two, place one on the upper right/your left of the chest, and one on the lower left/your right) the pads should never touch each other. 

Olfactory epithelium i believe