A longitudinal study by Strawbridge and colleagues (1998) found that poorly perceived health, smoking, heaving drinking, and predicted who would become disabled.

All of the above, option D.

Explanation:

The title of the research conducted by W.J Strawbridge and three other colleagues (namely; H.R Higby, S.J Shema and J.L Balfour) is ''Antecedents of Frailty Over Three Decades in an Older Cohort''. The research focus more on how old people within the ages of 65 and 102, and that old people tends to lose their abilities to do things they used to do while they were still young because of Frailty and also, because of the habits that people had before they turn to old adult such as smoking and heavy drinking, also, with all the three options (that is ''A'' to 'C') in the question are correct.