A 68-year-old woman with heart failure presents with tachycardia, S3 heart sound and basilar crackles bilaterally. BP is 90/68 mmHg; BUN is 58 mg/dL (20.7 mmol/L); creatinine level is 2.4 mg/dL. This clinical presentation is most consistent with:
A. Prerenal azotemiaB. Acute glomerulonephritisC. Tubular necrosisD. Postrenal azotemia

A. Prerenal azotemia

Explanation:

Prerenal azotemia is the most common type of acute renal failure. Prerenal azotemia is a condition where the kidneys are hypoperfused, this leads to acute tubular necrosis. This hypoperfusion is as a result of decreased circulating volume especially for patient with dehydration and blood loss, decreased cardiac output (seen in patients with heart failure) and excessive sequestering of fluids for patient with burns. For prerenal azotemia BUN:creatinine(cr) ratio > 20:1. In this case BUN is 58 mg/dL (20.7 mmol/L); creatinine level is 2.4 mg/dL, therefore BUN/cr = 58:2.4 = 24.17:1

Laboratoty findings for some disease are:

Acute glomerulonephritis: BUN:creatinine(cr) ratio > 20:1Acute Tubular necrosis: BUN:creatinine(cr) ratio < 20:1

An advantage of an mri over ct scan is d. it produces better images of hard tissues. hope this : )

explanation:

two years ago, when picking flowers in the mountains back of yosemite valley, i found a book. it was blotted and storm-beaten; all of its outer pages were mealy and crumbly. the paper seemed to dissolve like the snow beneath which it had been buried, however; many of the inner pages were well preserved. and although all were more or less stained and torn, whole chapters were easily readable. this is the condition of the great open book of yosemite glaciers today; its granite pages have been torn and blurred by the same storms that wasted the castaway book.two years ago, when picking flowers in the mountains back of yosemite valley; i found a book. it was blotted and storm-beaten, all of its outer pages were mealy and crumbly. the paper seemed to dissolve like the snow beneath which it had been buried, however, many of the inner pages were well preserved. and although all were more or less stained and torn; whole chapters were easily readable. this is the condition of the great open book of yosemite glaciers today, its granite pages have been torn and blurred by the same storms that wasted the castaway book.