Risk for developing lung cancer for smokers varies due to all of the following except
a. factors like frequency of smoking and age of starting smoking.
b. variations in depth of inhalation of cigarette smoke.
c. other lifestyle risk factors.
d. inconsistently collected data.

One hospital ceo insists on including performance data in the hospital’s annual report. “we do very well on most measures, except for one or two, but we put those in anyway,” she says. “we want to hold ourselves accountable.” does this practice demonstrate effective or ineffective leadership?