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1 what period of human development brings the most rapid time of change? a. infancy and toddlerhood b. early childhood c. the prenatal period d. adolescence

2 cross-cultural research stimulated by vygotsky's theory reveals that a. adults begin to encourage valued skills as soon as children start school. b. sociocultural theory has little application outside industrialized nations. c. the developmental sequences observed in western cultures are universal. d. culture affects children's learning.

3 observational records that contain significant detailed information are usually in what form? a. checklist b. outline c. narrative d. unobtrusive

4 nutrition is especially crucial during a. adolescence. b. the first five years. c. middle childhood. d. adulthood.

5the stage is defined by the young child's dependence on his or her senses to explore the world. a. oral b. sensorimotor c. oedipal d. touching

6 observation reports need to make a clear distinction between the description of behaviors and the drawn from the observation. a. facts b. patterns c. conclusions d. research

7 which of the following observations of children is the most objective? a. eddie went to the shelf and chose a teddy bear to play with. he took a plastic spoon and bowl and repeatedly moved the spoon from the bowl to the bear's mouth. b. chris took a toy truck from alex. alex cried, became angry because chris took the truck, and then stamped his feet on the floor. he snatched the truck back from chris, and ran to the caregiver. c. joan was playing with blocks, building a structure, when missy joined her. joan looked afraid because missy was much larger than she. but she eventually overcame her fear and let missy play with the blocks. d. when ann finished drawing with crayons, she put them back in the box and returned the box to the shelf, whereas sue, obviously less disciplined, left hers scattered on the table.

8children living with a divorced parent may misbehave to gain attention. they also may a. believe they had nothing to do with their parents’ separation. b. refuse to do chores. c. make parents feel guilty. d. assume responsibilities inappropriate for their ages.

9caregivers can develop good relationships with children by a. keeping a stoic facial expression. b. working in groups with children. c. giving children undivided attention. d. emphasizing how children are alike