Aclinic nurse is assessing a new patient prior to a patient seeing the physician. the patient has a history of hypertension and takes benazepril (lotensin) to control the disease process. a priority nursing assessment in this patient would be to assess the patient for a history of:

You are assessing an 86-year-old postoperative patient who has an unexpressive, stoic demeanor. when you enter the room, the patient is curled into the fetal position and your assessment reveals that his vital signs are elevated and he is diaphoretic. you ask the patient what his pain level is on a 0-to-10 scale that you explained to the patient prior to surgery. the patient indicates a pain level of “three or so.” you review your pain-management orders and find that all medications are ordered prn. how would you treat this patient's pain?