Short notes on effects of tobacco smoking

Is it bad to have a headache all day long?

Some viruses can be crystallized and their structures analyzed. one such virus is yellow mottle virus, which infects beans. this virus has a single-stranded rna genome containing about 6300 nucleotides. its capsid is 25-30 nm in diameter and contains 180 identical capsomeres.if the yellow mottle virus begins its infection of a cell by using its genome as mrna, which of the following would you expect to be able to measure? a) replication rateb) transcription ratec) translation rated) formation of new transcription factors

Why do rna viruses appear to have higher rates of mutation? a) rna nucleotides are more unstable than dna nucleotides.b) replication of their genomes does not involve proofreading.c) rna viruses can incorporate a variety of nonstandard bases.d) rna viruses are more sensitive to mutagens.