Describe the relationship between poor nutrition, lack of physical activity and chronic disease

Before looking at the relationship between nutrition and HIV, it is important to understand the relationship between nutrition and infection in general. Poor nutrition increases the body’s vulnerability to infections, and infections aggravate poor nutrition. Inadequate dietary intake leads to poor nutrition and lowers immune system functioning. Poor nutrition reduces the body’s ability to fight infections and therefore helps increase the incidence, severity, and length of infections. Symptoms that accompany infections such as loss of appetite, diarrhea, and fever lead to reduced food intake, poor nutrient absorption, nutrient loss, and altered metabolism. All of these contribute to weight loss and growth faltering, which further weaken the immune system.

Not getting enough physical activity can lead to heart disease—even for people who have no other risk factors. 2 Type 2 Diabetes. Not getting enough physical activity can raise a person’s risk of developing type 2 diabetes

chronic diseases are well estab-lished and well known; a small set of common risk factors are responsible for most of the main chronic diseases. These risk factors are modifiable and the same in men and women: unhealthy diet; physical inactivity; tobacco use.

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