Which of these might affect how an age-of-consent law is interpreted in different states? a. the location of the sexual activity b. the genders of the participants c. whether one party is a teacher or other trusted adult d. whether both parties consented to the activity

The laws determining the age of consent typically already specify the age and gender - so gender should not be left to interpretation. 

Similarly, we can exclude the option of "consent" since this is what this law is about generally - whether the person is old enough to consent. 

the location also should not play a role. 

The best answer seems to be that  if C.  one party is a teacher or other trusted adult, the age of consent can be higher - because the younger person has to be protected from the abuse of power by that person. 

You did not show us the image of the burger, but i shall try to answer as best i can.  when purchasing food, always consider the ingredients as well as the person who prepared it. consider if they were hygienic people or not, in case the burger was infected with bacteria. no mortal should place an infected burger into their mouth.