What factors came together that led to the development of the renaissance? what role did humanism play in this shift from the medieval to the renaissance period?

Trade and access to new information led to the Renaissance.

Trade with the Ottoman Empire connected Europe to the ideas of the ancient empires in particular Greece and Rome. Artifacts were discovered which sparked ideas of science, art, and architecture. 

Humanism is the belief people can achieve and learn. This belief motivated many to become educated and learn how to read. Increases in education led to challenges to the government and religion which dominated medieval laws and rules.