Russia withdrew from the war in 1917 when
a. the czar regained power.
b. they ran out of troops.
c. the bolsheviks took control of the government.
d. germany invaded belgium.

How did the church gain secular power? a) monks forced massive numbers of people to convert through fear of punishment. b) the church issued interdicts, laws passed by the church regardless of secular law. c) the church's power to deny the sacraments gave the church power over christians. d) canon law established secular courts under the control of the church.