When psychologists refer to the relationships between variables, they are referring to a. correlation b. regression c. standard deviation d. scatter plots

Option A, correlation, is the right answer.

Explanation:

The term correlation means association. In its simplest way, correlation is a method through which we can measure the degree to which two variables are related to each other. A correlational study can only have three possible results, known as a positive, a negative and no correlation. Correlations evaluate the similarities between the two co-occurring variables in a relationship.

for this case we have the following equation:

we apply distributive property to the terms within parentheses.

subtracting 2 on both sides of the equation: