The great schism a. was the result of the investiture controversy between gregory vii and henry iv. b. resulted in the capture of jerusalem by saladin. c. saw two different individuals claiming to be the true pope. d. led to the sacking of constantinople be crusaders from the west. e. led to the hundred years' war between england and france.

b. parliament was weaker than the monarchy.

unbeknownst to the slave-ship captains, the daily dancing and exercise regime and vernacular dance are also derived from america's african-based slave legacy. both are african-american cuisines from the slavery era.

explanation:

i'm asking the same thing i asked this other cat all of

islamic religious leaders have traditionally been people who, as part of the clerisy, mosque, or government, performed a prominent role within their community or nation. however, in the modern contexts of muslims minorities in non-muslim countries as well as secularised muslim states like turkey, indonesia and bangladesh, religious leadership may take a variety of non-formal shapes.

compared to religious leaders/clerics of the other abrahamic faiths, islamic clergy are said to resemble rabbis and not priests. unlike catholic priests they do not "serve as intermediaries between mankind and god",[1] have "process of ordination",[2] or "sacramental functions",[1] but instead serve as "exemplars, teachers, judges, and community leaders," providing religious rules to the pious on "even the most minor and private" matters.[1]