What was not a characteristic of the political recovery of the fifteenth century in europe? a. henry vii's cautious policies had made england solvent and stable by 1500. b. centralized monarchies gained strength in germanic central europe. c. centralized monarchies gained strength in western europe. d. the "new monarchies" greatly aided in stabilizing france, spain, and england. e. decentralized government became typical in eastern and central europe?

The statements would imply that they are characteristics of a political recovery in the fifteenth century in Europe except b. centralized monarchies would gain strength in Germanic Central Europe. Hope this is the right answer and would be of help.

the doctrine of nullification recommended that states living inside the union have the one-sided, inalienable ideal to void any law made by the national government that could be esteemed illegal.

the united states was shaped based on a general agreement among its individual states. hence, it is inferred that under the hypothesis of invalidation, since the states are the establishment of the union, they have the ability to referee and disprove unlawful laws.