How did the church use the powers of excommunication and interdiction in maintaining its power?

The church used the powers of excommunication and interdiction to maintain its power because those that were excommunicated were banned from being involved with the church. They also could not receive the seven sacrament's, and if you didn't receive one of the sacraments before death, you were believed to go to hell.

separate but equal was a legal doctrine in united states constitutional law according to which racial segregation did not violate the fourteenth amendment to the united states constitution, which guaranteed "equal protection" under the law to all people. under the doctrine, as long as the facilities provided to each race were equal, state and local governments could require that services, facilities, public accommodations, housing, medical care, education, employment, and transportation be segregated by race, which was already the case throughout the states of the former confederacy. the phrase was derived from a louisiana law of 1890, although the law actually used the phrase "equal but separate

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