What caused the sharp spike in population growth after the 1700s?

Industrialization (industrial revolution) caused industry to produce excess of goods and provide a better quality life. This lengthened life spans significantly and allowed the mortality rate of people, more specifically children, to start dropping exponentially.

the conditions that made the byzantine empire vulnerable to attacks by the muslin turks were the sack of constantinople by western crusaders, the conquests of the sultanate of rum, presence of rival kingdoms and finally the set up of fiefdoms at the empire which were owned by the ghazis (turkish warriors).

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step-by-step explanation: