What have many political scientists called laboratories of democracy? a. congressional committees b. local governments c. the executive agencies of the federal government d. the states e. special districts?

the states

The term “Laboratories of democracy”  is popularized by U.S. Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis to describe how a state may function as a laboratory where it can   do social and economic experiments without risk to the other states. If they work, then other states will use them. And perhaps even the entire country, will use them.

there are no answer given

explanation:

the  equal rights amendment  (era) states: "equality  of  rights  under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the united states or by any state on account of sex." congress first introduced the era in 1923, but the campaign for ratification took off in the 1960s during the  civil rightsmovement.