How did international competition and nationalism increase tension in europe?

Read article 231 of the treaty of versailles. the allied governments affirm, and germany accepts, the responsibility of germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the allied governments and their peoples have been subjected as a consequence of the war. what was the consequence of germany having to accept this article? a.) germany would have to pay war reparations. b.) germany would have to accept new colonies. c.) germany would have to give part of its territory to poland. d.) germany would have to join the league of nations.

James ll caused problems during his reign because his religion was: protestant lutheran catholic

After nine states had ratified the constitution by mid-1788, other states quickly followed. all thirteen states had to obey it. it became law in the united states. none of the states had to obey it.