Kulturkampf was a a. an anti-democracy program. b. an anti-bismarck program. c. a pro-democracy movement. d. an anti-catholic moment.

d. an anti-Catholic moment.

Explanation:

"Kulturkampf" is translated as "cultural struggle/war." This was the name given to the conflict between the Kingdom of Prussia and the Roman Catholic Church. Therefore, it can be considered an anti-Catholic movement. This conflict took place from 1872 to 1878. The movement had a strong anti-Polish aspect. In a more general way, the term is used to describe a conflict between secular and religious authorities, or between very different cultures or sets of values.

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