Delegates at the constitutional convention agreed that “a national government ought to be established consisting of a supreme legislature, executive and judiciary.” which is the name given to this dividing of the powers of government?

Separation of powers

powers  are  denied  to the  national governmentin three distinct ways: some  powers, such as the  power  to levy duties on exports or prohibit the freedom of religion, speech, press, or assembly, are expressly  denied  to the  national government  in the  constitution.