Compare women in the islamic world with women in other contemporary societies

Women in the Islamic societies, compared with the women in the other contemporary societies, are much more restricted and oppressed. They have no equal rights with men, and are considered as second class citizens, must obey their husbands or another male figure, have to cover themselves so that they can not be seen by another man, are very often beaten up and that is not considered as violence but more like method for discipline, they are not allowed to make independent choices for themselves. All of this is the total opposite of what is happening in the other modern day societies where the women have the same (in some places even more) rights as men, and can organize their lives independently by their own interests.

1. international: struggle for hegemony and empire outstrips the fiscal resources of the state

2. political conflict: conflict between the monarchy and the nobility over the “reform” of the tax system led to paralysis and bankruptcy.

3. the enlightenment: impulse for reform intensifies political conflicts; reinforces traditional aristocratic constitutionalism, one variant of which was laid out in montequieu’s spirit of the laws; introduces new notions of good government, the most radical being popular sovereignty, as in rousseau’s social contract [1762]; the attack on the regime and privileged class by the literary underground of “grub street; ” the broadening influence of public opinion.

4. social antagonisms between two rising groups: the aristocracy and the bourgeoisie

5. ineffective ruler: louis xvi

6. economic hardship, especially the agrarian crisis of 1788-89 generates popular discontent and disorders caused by food shortages.

what precedent do you see the ordinance of 1787 setting for the 1st amendment of the us constitution : )

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