In what ways did cities attempt to solve the problems of crime and fire?

Cities developed professional firefighting and police forces.

Explanation:

The cities have tried to solve problems with crime by developing professional police, this is done through better training, wages and ammunition and equipment for the police, it is also done with new hiring of police to supply the demand of the city.

To solve problems with fire, cities have developed firefighting forces, such as firefighters, armed forces and other institutions. These firefighting forces must also have quality training and equipment so they can work effectively.

b.

jim crow laws were enacted in northern states.