In presenting historical interpretations of what really happened at jamestown, jeffery sheer referenced dennis blanton who suggested

Jamestown island

The English travelers arrived on April 1607 to Jamestown Island, they thought they had arrived to a paradise land after spending four and half months at the sea. They settle in and were eager to extract gold and other treasures to ship back to England, but in their first summer 46 colonists died of mosquito-infestation, hunger and Indian arrows. They are recognized as the first English settlement in North America, but they have been roughly criticized as a group of English men who were looking for money and treasures and found catastrophe. Since Archaeologists found new evidence that says they were more equipped than previously thought and that they had deals with Native Americans (they found a fossil of an Indian woman that seemed to be cooking for an English gentleman). Documents and archaeological records show that they were instructed to make a close relationship with the Indians.

Since the evidence shows that they faced rough climate conditions and a starving time Jeffery Sheler referenced Dennis Blanton (co-author of the tree-ring study ) who suggested that Jamestown colonists have been unfairly criticized and that even the best planned and supported colony would have been challenged under those conditions, they were thought to have poor planning, poor support and indifference to their subsistence. It is now known that Indian reports of lack of food were not strategies but true records of feeding two populations in the drought.

the graph shows the spread of railways in the 1800s.

based on the graph, the conclusion that can be drawn about germany is answer d)   by 1880, germany had more rail lines than great britain and russia.