What was the primary effect of cultural exchange between europe and the islamic world?

The primary effect of cultural exchange between Europe and the Islamic world was that Muslim goods and knowledge led to some advancements in European society. One advancement example is the number system.

pennsylvania pennsylvania colony was a proprietary colony founded when william penn was awarded a charter by king charles ii in 1681. he set up the colony as one of religious freedom. the government included a representative legislature with popularly elected officials. all taxpaying freemen could vote.

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