All of the following were reform movements during the first part of the 19th century except a. abolition. b. farm aid. c. temperance. d. women's suffrage.

B-Farm aid.

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B. Farm Aid.

Explanation:

    Farm Aid is a day-long charity concert in the United States aimed at building a farming system that values family farmers.

    Farm Aid has hosted their yearly festival for 34 years and still counting. It is the oldest of fund-raising concerts and the event is much like a family reunion and this year the family consisted of 30,000 people.

`stare decisis is a legal doctrine that obligates courts to follow historical cases when making a ruling on a similar current or future case. stare decisis ensures that cases with identical facts be approached in the same way, unless overruled by the same court or a higher court such as the us supreme court. simply put, it binds courts to follow legal precedents set by previous decisions.

stare decisis is a latin term meaning "to stand by that which is decided".

the answer is alexander graham bell.