Over thousands of years, countries have safeguarded their citizens by doing all of the following except

Probably 1, however I can see why that would be a tiny bit confusing.

Building walls protects from incoming invaders(at least back in the day), creating armies, makes a force to go and fight to protect the people, and what was the other one? Oh yea, moving to a safer place.

Doing that would mean making invasions less likely, and making your people feel and be safer.

Hope this helps.

c) women should home the rights as men.

here are some major conflicts i found. maybe pick one and do more research on it. (cause i ain't writing 6 paragraphs)

in 1877, the nez perce war took place.

1881 - president james garfield was assassinated.

1882 - the chinese exclusion act was passed.

1883 - a decision in the civil rights cases legalized racial segregation in the united states.

1887 - the dawes act was passed.

1893 - the panic of 1893 took place. (what a creative name)

and there are probably other topics you can find if you just search up "united states timeline," or "conflicts in the 19th century for america."

then once you find a topic you like find out how it affected the people of america and what not. (sorry if this feels a bit short changed, history was and never will be one of my strong topics)