How does paine think the practice of choosing a monarch was originally different from today

Paine states that mankind was originally at a state of equality and the subsequent appearance of all distinctions between human beings have to been brought about by an unnatural circumstance. This distinction between people is "not one of heaven".

Pain believes that men have committed a serious mistake when deciding to have someone other than God to govern them. In the past, a person worthy of certain honors would be named as ruler. From them on, his descendants were expected to inherit the ruler's power. This is a practice that has been going on until today. However, Paine considers this to be a mistaken practice, as no person deserves any sort of honors that belonged to his descendants.  

b. major john c. frémont led a rebellion called the bear flag revolt.

explanation:

during the bear flag revolt, from june to july 1846, a small group of american settlers in california rebelled against the mexican government and proclaimed california an independent republic. the republic was short-lived because soon after the bear flag was raised, the u.s. military began occupying california, which went on to join the union in 1850. the bear flag became the official state flag in 1911.