Compare and contrast the agricultural focus of each of the regions of the united states

Information About the North

Information About the South

Climate and Geography

• Warm, humid summers and cold snowy winters

• Short growing season plus cold made farming difficult.

• Clear, fast rivers

• Coastline full of bays.

• Cities develop near rivers and bays.

• Cities develop as trading centers.

• People begin to use waterpower to run factories.

Climate and Geography

• Warm and sunny with long summers, mild winters. Lots of rain.

• Climate ideal for agriculture.

• Fertile soil ideal for growing crops.

Population

• Huge population increase in the North between 1800 and 1860, mostly through immigration.

• Irish, German, and other Europeans mostly settle in North.Population

• Population of the South made up of Europeans (mostly from England and Scotland) and enslaved Africans.

• 1/3 of the population were slaves.

• Most southerners lived on small farms.

• Only 1/4 of farmers owned slaves.

• Large farms called plantations were owned by the wealthy few who owned most of the slaves.

Cities

• Cities develop in North as centers of trade.

• Factories were set up making textiles (cloth goods)

• Increase in factory work brought more people to live in the cities.

• Cities were crowded and dirty.

• Public education begun in cities for first time.

• Cities became important centers of art, culture, and education. Many city newspapers begun.Cities

• Most southerners lived on farms.

• There were very few large cities.

• Plantations were self-sufficient and became like small towns.  

(Self-sufficient means being able to supply all of your needs.)

Economy

• The economy of the North was based on manufacturing.

• Many immigrants from Europe began working in factories and producing goods used by people in the North.

• Many factories began producing textiles (cloth) with the cotton grown in the South.Economy

• The economy of the South was based on agriculture.

• Cotton, tobacco, rice, sugar cane, and indigo (a plant that was used for blue dye) were sold as cash crops.  

• Cotton became the most important crop after Ely Whitney’s invention of the cotton gin.

• More slaves were now needed to pick the cotton.

• Slavery became essential to the South’s economy.

Culture

• The culture of the North was determined by life in the cities.

• Both religion and education were organized.  

• There were schools and churches in most towns.

• Very few boys, and almost no girls went on to secondary school.

• College was reserved for the wealthy.

Culture

• The culture of the South was determined by the upper class plantation owners and their families.

• Only children of plantation owners received any education.

• Small farmers had little or no education.

• The culture of the South revolved around plantation life.

Transportation

• Canals were mostly in the North.

• The Erie Canal was a huge success.

• Most of the railroads were in the North.

• 30,000 miles of track was laid by 1850.

• Canals and railroads allowed northern businesses to grow.Transportation

• The South was still dependent on the steamship.

• Railroads existed, but far less than in the North.

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