Pay special attention to the last clause of section 8 (clause 18)- the elastic clause. how does thid function?

 Ir prohibits the federal government from imposing excessive bail or cruel punishments. The Supreme Court of the United States has determined that the section on punishments be applied by each state. Which means that each state will regulate the sanction for this lack undependently, varying the severity of the penalty.

the revolution instituted a short-lived roman republic.