Africa is seperated from europe by the?

The Strait of Gibraltar, a narrow strait that separates Europe from Africa by 7.7 nautical miles of ocean. Moreover, it also connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea.  

the right answer is the third one: turnpikes went short distances to connect markets. turnpikes, also known as toll roads, were very important for trade and transportation (of people, goods and products) in the 19th century, coinciding with the expansion towards the west. they contributed significantly to the economic development of the united states.