What factors contributed to the decline of the byzantine empire? select all that apply. a. legal reforms b. disloyal military c. foreign invasions d. economic struggle e. religious dissent f. spread of disease

The correct options are: A - C - E

The eclive of the Empire It occurred in the period from 1056-1261. After the period of splendor that brought the Macedonian Renaissance, in the second half of the eleventh century began a period of crisis, marked by its weakness at the appearance of two powerful new enemies: the Seljuk Turks and the Christian kingdoms of Western Europe; and by the growing feudalization of the Empire, accentuated by the forced Comneno emperors to make territorial transfers (called pronoia) to the aristocracy and members of their own family.

On the eastern border, the Seljuk Turks, who had so far focused their interest in defeating Fatimid Egypt, began to make inroads into Asia Minor, where most of the Byzantine soldiers came from. With the unexpected defeat in the battle of Manzikert (1071) of Emperor Roman IV at the hands of Alp Arslan, Sultan of the Seljuk Turks, culminating the Byzantine hegemony in Asia Minor. The subsequent attempts of the Commenos emperors to reconquer the lost territories will be totally unsuccessful. Moreover, a century later, Manuel I Comneno suffered another humiliating defeat against the Seljuks in Miriocephalus in 1176.

Byzantine power became permanently weakened. At this time, Serbia, under Esteban Dushan, of the Nemanjić Dynasty, was strengthened by taking advantage of the collapse of Byzantium, initiating a process that would culminate when the Serbian Empire was formed in 1346.

Three Greek states inheriting the Byzantine Empire remained outside the orbit of the recently created Latin Empire: the Empire of Nicaea, the Empire of Trebizond, and the Despotate of Epirus. The first, controlled by the Palaeologus dynasty, reconquered Constantinople in 1261 and defeated the Epirus, revitalizing the Empire, but paying too much attention to Europe when the increasing penetration of the Turks in Asia Minor was the main problem.

b) a state law could be declared illegal if it contradicted the constitution.

explanation:

the conflict of this case originated when james w. mcculloch, a cashier of the baltimore branch of the second bank of the united states that the congress had chartered in 1816, refused to pay a tax imposed by the maryland state.

in the case, the state of maryland appealed that the establishment of a second bank was unconstitutional since the constitution didn't say anything about granting that power to congress. however, the case determined that even if such right wasn't specifically stated in the constitution, it was part of the "implied powers" of the government enunciated in article i, section 8.

the case also eliminated maryland's legislation to impose taxes to a national bank, asserting that even though the states retained the power of taxation, the constitution's laws are supreme and can not be controlled by the states, therefore, if a state law contradicts the constitution, it should be declared illegal.

explanation:

the correct answer is “opportunity cost”. opportunity cost is what a company misses out because it decided in one option over another one. in this case, the company decided to invest in building a factory so it gave up another possible benefit or profit in order to achieve success with the factory.  

trade-off is not the correct answer since it is a situation in which you accept losing something in return for benefits in other areas.

and finally, consequence is a general term used to accept what it comes when you make a decision. it can be a positive or negative consequence depending if the decision you took was the correct one.