21. which was the most influential event in the civil rights movement? explain. · brown v. board of education · montgomery bus boycott · march on washington 22. which president was the most successful in foreign diplomacy? explain. · eisenhower: korean war · kennedy: cuban missile crisis · nixon: vietnamization · carter: camp david accords 23. which piece of legislation was the most influential? explain. · voting rights act · title ix · americans with disabilities act · environmental protection agency (clean air/clean water act) 24. whose presidency was the most successful? explain. · ronald reagan · george h. w. bush · bill clinton 25. whose presidency was the most successful? explain. · george w. bush · barack obama

21. Montgomery bus boycott

Due to Montgomery bus boycott, a large number of people start to feel that the racial segregation that implemented in united states was extremely inhumane. This case later on influence a lot of movements to fight for equality of treatments to all citizens from different race/ethnicities. All of this leading up to the creation of  the Civil Rights Movement.

22.  Kennedy: Cuban Missile Crisis

At that time, both united states and the soviet union was involved in the cold war. Soviet union manage to make Cuba its ally and plan to place their missiles in Cuban territory.  This location create a huge threat for united states.

Despite this crisis, Kennedy managed to create a good foreign diplomacy with the leader of the Cuba. They eventually agree to dismantle the missiles owned by the soviet union.

23. Voting Rights Act

Prior to the voting rights act, majority portion of African American citizens were banned from exercising their right to vote. This make it impossible for African American people to actually elect a government candidate who are willing to fight for their cause.

After the voting rights act, African Americans can choose for their representative in the government and  African American community can start to gradually improved.

24. Ronald Reagan

Under Ronald Reagan, United states economy grow for around 3.5% and around 16 million jobs were created. On top of that, Reagan also played a crucial role in electing Gorbachev as the new leader in the soviet union, Gorbachev's policies fixed the bad relationship between united states and soviet union and helped ended the cold war.

25. Barack Obama

George W. Bush's result was considered as a mess even by large portion of the republican party itself.  (such as creating iraq crisis or poor management in hurricane katrina crisis). Obama on the other hand, managed to cut down half of the unemployment number More than doubled the DOW in the stock market.

according to the denotation of “repeat,” history can’t repeat itself. (and if you want to get technical and into chaos theory, neither can anything else.) unlike lab-controlled experiments that can be exactly replicated (although not really), humans are life is always evolving and unpredictable and involves incalculable symbiotic relationships.

but, if we consider “repeat” as both a metaphor and in terms of its connotation, we can understand what people mean by “history repeats itself,” and it actually emerges as a useful conceptual tool. as mark twain put it, “history does not repeat itself, but it does rhyme.”

the vast, vast majority of people don’t in anyway think that history literally, exactly repeats itself. such would violate celebrated philosophies of free will. when people say that history repeats itself, they are generally thinking of broad patterns. another way to describe these patterns or relationships would be to describe them as cause and effect relationships. they are thinking about the existence of and continuation of

war,

poverty,

colonialism,

racism,

sexism,

classism, or

social movements, to list only a few of the repeated/unending phenomena of human history.a more specific example could be that every step forward in the long african-american civil rights movement has resulted in new forms of discrimination. lynching, disenfranchisement, and neo-enslavement (collectively called “jim crow”) replaced codified plantation and urban enslavement after the civil war and reconstruction era. today, the “new jim crow” (a system where by at least 1 out of every 3 black men are confined in the criminal justice system) replaced jim crow after the modern civil rights movement of the 1940s, 50s, and 60s.

people remain “babies” on the evolutionary ladder – we are greedy, shortsighted, and quick to buy into fear of “the other.” spending time trying to argue that history doesn’t repeat is ultimately not very productive for historians, a debate primarily involving semantic differences.

furthermore, if nothing “repeated,” it would quickly become impossible to study anything. much of what we study is about relationships between times and places. on the other hand, if we “dig deep,” language repeats all the time per se. if we had to relearn language every day, we would never progress. by saying “history repeats,” we are recognizing the ways in which we are bound to this world and products of it. this is not to say that nothing ever improves or changes.

as historians, we can and should use the real meanings behind notions that history repeats to students enjoy and embrace the study of our world. indeed one of the many reasons i enjoy studying history, as i tell students in my “what is history? ” lecture, is that history is comforting and allows us to see the world as a more steady place. according to the news and joe public, crime, poverty, you name it, are worse now than it ever has been. if we look at historical evidence, we can find that such fears are unnecessary. likewise, every generation says the previous generation had it better or older adults long for the time when they were adolescents when the world was a better, safer place (i call this the myth of the utopia past).  

finally, although human events can never come close to any kind of true replication, history belongs to both the liberal arts and the sciences. that history is a liberal art needs no explanation. that history is also a science, however, is where i tend to meet objections.

scientists follow the scientific method. they follow a series of steps to ensure their work is the best it can be given current resources. don’t historians do this? historians come up with questions, look for evidence, analyze evidence, weave in secondary material, write and edit, edit some more, and then go through peer-reviewers both informally and formally. this is indeed the historian’s equivalent of the scientific method. historical narratives or theories about the past are no more or less theories or narratives as human evolution or the big bang, for example. all scholarship involves theory and explanation based on evidence.

likewise, for reasons i haven’t fully grasped or studied yet, science tends to have more credibility with the public. people tend to perceive history as always changing, unstable, and inherently biased by “crazy, liberal academics.” in reality, science changes just as much, is just as unstable, and has just as many biases. in other words, history and any of the specific branches of science are all social constructions- both the discipline themselves and scholarship produced. by promoting the study of the past as a science, perhaps historians would have more automatic credibility.

be sure to check out: the nature of history and the history of history, i am many things but a “history buff” is not one of them. – hidden power of words series, #14, and my other postings about history, too!

explanation:

so they can differentiate themselves from others as they saw themselves as the superior race. the star was basically a symbol that meant you are a less of a person than i am because of my race. the star was also degrading for those who had to wear it because they were aware of this and the nazis used the notion to make them feel less like a person.