How did the europe colonization of the americas end up affecting the populations of three different continents?

For Europeans, the effects were mostly positive. They experienced an overpopulation problem as well as monarchic and religious tyranny and were under the constant threat of Islamic invaders. One of the main reasons why Columbus wanted to find a way other than Cape of Good Hope to get to Asia was that Ottoman Turks had blocked all access to Asian trade and travel.

The Portuguese had a monopoly on the Good Hope route and this route was actually too long. When Columbus discovered the American Continent, he thought he had actually found Asia. In any event, Europeans found a land that they could conquer and colonize, they sent all their excess of people there. They found valuable raw materials as (timber, gold, silver, iron, etc.), spices, exotic fruits and vegetables (tomatoes, potatoes, avocados, etc.) and eventually used to Continent as a gateway to Asia.

For the Natives of the Americas, the effects were disastrous; most of them were wiped out by diseases unknowingly brought in by European explorers or colonizers. Several others were subjugated or even exterminated. Their most powerful empires were vanquished and conquered (Incas, Aztecs) and the land they had found several thousands of years ago became European. There were however, positive aspects in their disaster. They had access to Western civilization, science, culture and technology. They discovered Europe as much as Europe discovered them. Many of them discovered writing (many had already some form of writing but other indigenous cultures were exclusively oral). They also had access to the modern concept of nation-states (like the Five Civilized Tribes in the US).

For Black Africans, the results were mostly disastrous. They were captured or bought from other African slavers by European Slavers and suffered slavery for centuries before they were eventually integrated into society. However, they also enjoyed – though marginally -  some of the positive aspects mentioned earlier for natives of the Americas (access to Western civilization, science, culture and technology).

answer: a parliamentary system is a system of democratic governance of a state where the executive derives its democratic legitimacy from its ability to command the confidence of the legislature, typically a parliament, and is also held accountable to that parliament. in a parliamentary system, the head of state is usually a person distinct from the head of government. this is in contrast to a presidential system, where the head of state often is also the head of government and, most importantly, the executive does not derive its democratic legitimacy from the legislature.

countries with parliamentary democracies may be constitutional monarchies, where a monarch is the head of state while the head of government is almost always a member of parliament (such as the united kingdom, denmark, sweden, and japan), or parliamentary republics, where a mostly ceremonial president is the head of state while the head of government is regularly from the legislature (such as ireland, germany, india, and italy). in a few parliamentary republics, such as botswana, south africa, and suriname, among some others, the head of government is also head of state, but is elected by and is answerable to parliament. in bicameral parliaments, the head of government is generally, though not always, a member of the lower house.

parliamentarianism is the dominant form of government in europe, with 32 of its 50 sovereign states being parliamentarian. it is also common in the caribbean, being the form of government of 10 of its 13 island states, and in oceania. elsewhere in the world, parliamentary countries are less common, but they are distributed through all continents, most often in former colonies of the british empire that subscribe to a particular brand of parliamentarianism known as the westminster system.

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