What is the term used to describe periods of political disagreement between opposing parties that are so difficult that policy making and administration slows or stalls?

She was one of the world's first female heads of state.

The role of women in the enlightenment is often debated and frequently overlooked. women during this era were not considered of equal status to men, and much of their work and effort was suppressed.[1] salons, coffeehouses, debating societies, academic competitions and print all became avenues for women to socialize, learn and discuss enlightenment ideas. these avenues furthered their roles in society and created stepping stones for future progress