1. identify 1 technological innovation and describe how that innovation aided the europeans in their voyages of exploration. (5ps) 2. define the columbian exchange. describe the impact of the columbian exchange on both the western hemisphere and the eastern hemisphere. (5pts) 3. describe 1 long term effect of the protestant reformation. describe 1 long term effect of the catholic reformation. (5pts)

1. In that subsection, the authors list a number of technological innovations that allowed Europeans to go on voyages of exploration in the 15th century and beyond.  The first set of innovations comes under the heading of “Ships and Sails.”  The Europeans borrowed and developed ship and sail...

2.Colonial mercantilism, a set of protectionist policies designed to benefit the colonizing nation, relied on several factors:

Colonies rich in raw materials

Cheap labor

Colonial loyalty to the home government

Control of the shipping trade

3. The Reformation transformed Europe and Christianity in both obvious and subtle ways. Christianity had been divided into different denominations long before the Reformation. But the Reformation developed into a revolt, rather than merely a theological dispute.

the answer is 1.. i think

utilized the penal colony