Agovernment policy that sharply raises taxes, a dramatic decline in the birth rate, and a lengthy war all contribute to a. decreased population b. increased population c. decreased pestilence d. increased pestilence

 A. decreased population

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An article by Brittany De Lea for Fox Business (Jan. 2, 2019) notes that the "states where populations have grown the fastest over the past year include a handful with either low, or no, state income taxes."  Her report goes on to say: "On the other hand, in some higher-tax states, populations actually shrank. In New York, for example, where state income taxes extend up to 8.82 percent, 48,510 people left the state."  Over 45,100 people also left Illinois, where the state income taxes recently increased by 25%.

A BBC article by James Gallagher (November 9, 2018) explains the connection between declining rates of women having children and decreased population.  "The total fertility rate is the average number of children a woman gives birth to in their lifetime.  ... Whenever a country's rate drops below approximately 2.1 then populations will eventually start to shrink."  The study on which Gallagher was reporting found that half of the countries in the world have fallen below that 2.1 fertility rate and may, as a result, eventually see population decline.

A lengthy war will have obvious detrimental effects on a nation's population.  In World War II, for instance, a total of over 70 million people were killed, which was  3% of the 1940 world population.  The USSR alone lost over 26 million people (soldiers and civilians) during that war, which was nearly 14% of its 1940 population.

isolationism is a doctrine practiced by the united states for much of its history with the aim of not intervening in external affairs that did not pose a real threat to their country. the united states managed to maintain a state of political isolation throughout the nineteenth century and the first part of the xx. few nations have been able to maintain such a position for such a long period of time. historians argue that it is largely due to geographical reasons, given the physical distance between europe and the usa. uu the venataja of this situation is that the national state can spend its resources in satisfying all the needs of its inhabitants, without the need to invest in armament and equipment for a war that does not directly affect the country.

internationalism is a political and cultural movement that advocates for greater political and economic cooperation among nations for mutual benefit. this novimiento was transformed over time, today it includes military intervention in international conflicts with the objective of maintaining peace. the advantage of this move is in the international contacts and the influence developed by the country that carries it forward.

between the two modes of relations between states, i prefer the first, since i believe it is of the utmost importance to satisfy the needs of citizens and work for their development and as a last option to act on the international level.

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