When congress doesn't approve a president's choice for a federal court, this is an example of a. judicial review b. checks and balances c. veto d. filibuster

The correct answer here is the option B.

The political system in the united states is based on the principle of checks and balances, that is every of the three branches of government has some kind of power of the other. This is done in order to stop on branch from gaining too much power. When  the senate does not agree with the presidents choice of a judge that is the principle of checks and balances in action. President, likewise can veto laws passed by the Senate which is also an example of this principle.