What does the man of the left represent? what does the men on the right represent? why is there a hat on central and south america?

The man on the left represents a person that lives, works, and makes wealth in the Western Hemisphere, or the colonies of the so called New World.

The men on the right represent the people in the European colonial powers that are controlling the New World and the people that live and work there, protecting them, but also using big amount of their profit.

The hat with the gold on top of it, placed over Central and South America represents the goods and the wealth that the colonies provide for the European colonial powers, but also their obedience, and the control that the European crowns have over them.

when studying cause and effect, historians usually group the causes into different categories. for example, cultural causes reflect how a society’s literature and art convey the way the society saw itself in relation to the rest of the world. another resource that historians use to understand society is pop culture, which tells them the trends and ideas that are preferred by the common people. when studying cause and effect, it’s important to remember multiple causation, or the idea that an effect could have several causes and vice versa.  

the correct option is “cultural causes” since art and literature are related to the culture of a place. culture is determined by literature, art, music.

the correct option is “pop culture” since it reflects the likes and ideas of common people whereas the rest of the options do not focus on common people.  

the correct option is “multiple causation” since it refers to the idea that events are caused by multiple reasons, not just a single one.