4. examine the successive phases of economic activity in the great west: mining, cattle raising, and agriculture. show how in each case the coming of big business and recent technology ended an early “little person” era, and how the entry of corporate and investment capital shaped later western development.

Mining in the American West began with the California Gold Rush of 1848 and spread to Nevada, Arizona, Idaho, and Montana. Machinery was the only way to get gold - because the easily attainable gold was all mined - and this made big companies step in the mining field.

The cattle raising was not the main activity in the west exploration, but with the first transcontinental railroad and subsequent railroad lines changed the scenery, and made possible to transport the cattle to the East. Rangers and businessmen began to speculate in the cattle industry. The Cattle drive began and created the "cowtowns" that were developed to accommodate cowboys and the cattle industry.

The farmers were responsible for carrying out the final phase of settlement, railroads, free homesteads and irrigation were responsible for luring them. Later, in the 1870s farmers started to push into the prairies and used techniques of dry farming.

c. typhoon

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                the united states presidential election of 1912 was the 32nd quadrennial presidential election, held on tuesday, november 5, 1912. the election was a rare four-way contest.

                incumbent president william howard taft was renominated by the republican party with the support of its conservative wing. after former president theodore roosevelt failed to receive the republican nomination, he called his own convention and created the progressive party (nicknamed the "bull moose party"). it nominated roosevelt and ran candidates for other offices in major states. democrat woodrow wilson was finally nominated on the 46th ballot of a contentious convention, to the support of william jennings bryan, the three-time democratic presidential candidate who still had a large and loyal following in 1912. eugene v. debs, running for a fourth time, was the nominee of the socialist party of america.

                wilson won the election, gaining a large majority in the electoral college and winning 42% of the popular vote, while roosevelt won 27%, taft 23% and debs 6%. wilson became the only elected president from the democratic party between 1892 and 1932, and the second of only two democrats to be elected president between 1860 and 1932. this was the last election in which a candidate who was not a republican or democrat came second in either the popular vote or the electoral college, and the first election in which all 48 states of the contiguous united states participated.

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-austint1414