Which type of colony was managed by the people who owned them?

proprietary colonies as they managed what they owned

the answer is b.2008 and 2012 were presidential election years.

the answer to fill in the blank in this question would be the word resource, it is defined as the money, material or people (since human resource is a very valuable good) that a company or a person has at disposition (meaning they can use the resource as they see fit), to be able to complete a task or achieve a goal.