How did other european countries view france when it was ruled by the dicectory

For in this unit, you read about transitions of power and the formation of newly independent nations in africa, asia, the americas, and the middle east. some of these transitions were peaceful, while others caused long-term instability. why do you think some countries were more successful than others with political transitions? what do you think were the biggest challenges facing newly independent countries? would it have been possible for leaders to prevent these problems before they happened? why or why not?

How did the protestant reformation and scientific revolution advance individualism and liberal reforms?

15 points and brainliest if right which of the following was not a european achievement during the middle ages? gothic style architecture the canterbury tales by geoffrey chaucer troubadours grand canal