President lincoln issued the emancipation proclamation after

Lincoln Issues the Emancipation Proclamation. One month later, after the qualified Union victory in the Battle of Antietam, Lincoln issued a preliminary proclamation warning that in all states still in rebellion on January 1, 1863, he would declare their slaves “then, thenceforward, and forever free.”

He issued the Emancipation Proclamation after the Confederate states seceded from the United States to fight for slavery.

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts

equal pay act of 1963. the equal pay act, signed in to law by president john f. kennedy on june 10, 1963, was one of the first federal anti-discrimination laws that addressed wage differences based on gender. they felt that this would prevent employers from undercutting future wages for men.