Discovered the three laws of motion

Sir Isaac Newton  Newton's first law states that every object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to change its state by the action of an external force.

The second law explains how the velocity of an object changes when it is subjected to an external force. The law defines a force to be equal to change in momentum (mass times velocity) per change in time.

The third law states that for every action (force) in nature there is an equal and opposite reaction.

d. the right to establish a one-house legislature

d) iowa i believe is the answer