Which was not a major cause of russian weakness in the mid-1800s?
a. the invasion of napoleons grand army
b. defeat in the crimean war
c. serfdom
d. autocratic rule

The correct answer is A. The invasion of napoleons grand army

map scale refers to the relationship (or ratio) between distance on a map and the corresponding distance on the ground. for example, on a 1: 100000 scale map, 1cm on the map equals 1km on the ground.