What is the principle of ministerial responsibility?

Ministerial Responsibility is a concept, developed out of the Westminster system in the UK, wherein the Minister of a particular branch is the one ultimately responsible for the actions of that branch.

This is important as it means that the government doesn't need to hold a vote of "no confidence" if one ministry fails. Instead, that minister could simply be removed and the government could continue.

the correct answer is: (1) affected by gerrymandering; (2) not affected by gerrymandering.

gerrymandering is known as a practice that intends to establish a some kind of political advantage for a particular party or group. to do this district boundaries are manipulated. the new resulting district is named a gerrymandering.

in other words, what gerrymandering does is to draw the boundaries of electoral districts trying to benefit the party who is doing it. sometimes, the party controlling the legislature will redraw it so they can maximize the number of districts they are likely to control.